This book (Practical Electron Microscopy and Database) is a reference for TEM and SEM students, operators, engineers, technicians, managers, and researchers.

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To know what is STEM, refer to Illumination in STEM Mode.

In dedicated STEM systems, there are no projector lenses. That is, the STEM systemss have no lenses behind the specimen, e.g the VG HB501. This type of STEM is mostly used for biological studies.