Practical Electron Microscopy and Database - An Online Book
Table of Contents/Index
Chapter/Index: Introduction | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Appendix
Chapter O  
O-rings in EMs  
  Effect of objective lens on object wave function    
Objective apertures 
  Objective apertures in TEMs & STEMs   Optimal objective/Scherzer apertures in CTEM & HRTEM imaging
  Dependence of collection angle on objective aperture in TEM imaging mode    
  Probe-forming/objective aperture for STEM imaging   Virtual objective aperture (VOA) in SEM
  Virtual objective aperture (VOA) in TEM/STEM   Optimal size of virtual objective apertures in STEM and SEM
Objective lens
  Imperfections in objective lenses   'Mini' lens
  Alignment of objective lens axis   Beam alignment between condenser and objective lenses
  Objective stigmator/astigmatism correction   Front focal plane of objective lens
  Object plane (sample plane) of objective lens   Chromatic aberration of objective lens
  Objective lens control system in SEMs   Pinhole lens as objective lens in SEMs
  Symmetric immersion lens as objective lens in SEMs   Snorkel objective lens in SEMs
  Benefit of low spherical aberration of objective lens   Astigmatism corrections of condenser and objective lenses in TEM for magnetic materials
  Objective lens iris   Objective polepiece
  Upper- & lower- objective polepiece in TEMs and STEMs   Back focal plane of objective lens in EMs
  Objective lens versus EDS and EELS     Objective pre-field lens
  Effect of objective lens on object wave function   Coupling between aberration corrector and objective lens
  Threefold astigmatism of objective lens in TEM   Phase shift of electrons induced by objective lens
  Objective prefield lens: [1]   Post-fields of objective lens
  Pole piece gaps in EM systems    
 
Occupied states Octagonal quasicrystal
  Transition metal: TMO6 octahedral lattice    
  Octupole design for Cs corrector in EMs   Octupole lens application in GIF system
  Quadrupole-octupole corrector for Cs corrections   Quadrupole/octupole used for coupling between different lenses in EMs
  Power supplies for quadrupole/octupole aberration correctors   Octopole and other lenses in FIB
 
Off-axis aberrations in EMs  
  Aberration correction using off-axis electron holography technique   Plane wave and interference pattern in electron holography
  Measurement of electric field/dopant/p-n junction using off-axis electron holography   Measurement of magnetic field using off-axis electron holography
  Spatial coherence/incoherence in EMs   Fiber in Möllenstedt–Düker biprisms for off-axis electron holography
  Reconstruction of off-axis holograms   Interference width in off-axis hologram
  Artifacts in off-axis electron holograms: distortions   Voltage at biprism filament in off-axis electron holography
Offset
  Conduction band offset   High tension offset for image filtering for elemental analysis
  Drift tube offset   EELS energy offset
 
One-dimensional (1-D) lattice Omega filter
Oil-diffusion Pump  
  Operation of aberration correctors in EMs   Operation of EDS
  Bias correction of EELS/GIF   Temperature of EELS/GIF detector
  Optimal convergence semi-angle in STEM   Optimal objective aperture for CTEM & HRTEM imaging
  Optimization of camera length for various measurements   Optimal objective/Scherzer apertures in CTEM & HRTEM imaging
  Optimizing EELS acquisition     Optimal size of virtual objective apertures in STEM and SEM
  Effects of entrance aperture/collection angle on EELS and optimization   Optimization of EDS measurements
 Operation of TEM system  
  ACD (anti-contamination device) operation on TEM system   Focusing action of lens  
  Optical and electronic interband transitions   Optical/light microscopes 
  Comparison between VEELS and conventional optical spectroscopy  
Optical imaging sensor  
  Electronic optical imaging sensor    
Optical storage
  Phase change optical storage media   Rewritable phase-change optical memory disks
Optics
  Gaussian optics in EMs    Curved optics in EMs
  Optics in electron and ion microscopes   Detailed optics of condenser lens in TEMs/STEMs
  Comparison of electron optics of various filters & spectrometers   Optical axis of microscopes
  X-ray optics   Grazing incidence optics
Orbit 
  Crystallographic orbit    
Ordering 
  Chemical ordering in crystals   Short range ordering (SRO) in materials
  Medium range ordering (MRO) in materials   Long range ordering (LRO) in materials
  Elemental-ordering-induced diffuse streaks in electron diffraction patterns   Order–disorder ferroelectrics
Orientation 
  Determination of crystal orientation   Orientation relationship between two crystals/grains
 
Ostwald ripening/coarsening of dislocation loops  
  HRTEM imags of orthorhombic crystalline structures   Base-centered orthorhombic structure
  Face-centered orthorhombic structure   Body-centered orthorhombic structures
  Determination of point groups of orthorhombic systems   mm2 point group
  mmm point group   222 point group
  Comparison between hexagonal and tetragonal (or orthorhombic) cells    
A-centered lattices/A-centering & its space groups          
Amm2 (38) Abm2 (39) Ama2 (40) Aba2 (41) A21am (Cmc21, 36)      
C-centered lattices/C-centering & their space groups          
C2221 (20) C222 (21) Cmm2 (35) Cmc21 (A21am, 36) Ccc2 (37) Cmcm (63) Cmca (Abma, Bmab, 64) Cmmm (65)
Cccm (66) Cmma (67) Ccca (68)          
F-centered lattices/F-centering & their space groups          
F222 (22) Fmm2 (42) Fdd2 (43) Fmmm (69) Fddd (70)      
I (body-centered) lattices/I-centering & their space groups          
I222 (23) I212121 (24) Imm2 (44) Iba2 (45) Ima2 (46) Immm (71) Ibam (72) Ibca (73)
Imma (74)              
P (primitive) lattices & their space groups          
P222 (16) P2221 (17) P21212 (18) P212121 (19) Pmm2 (25) Pmc21 (26) Pcc2 (27) Pma2 (Pbm2, 28)
Pca21 (Pbc21, P21ab, 29) Pnc2 (30) Pmn21 (31) Pba2 (32) Pna21 (P21cn, 33) Pnn2 (34) Pmmm (47) Pnnn (48)
Pccm (49) Pban (50) Pmma (51) Pnna (52) Pmna (53) Pcca (54) Pbam (55) Pccn (56)
Pbcm (57) Pnnm (58) Pmmn (59) Pbcn (60) Pbca (61) Pnma/Pbnm (62)    
Osmium (Os) 
  EDS measurements of osmium (Os)    
 
Outer-/Outermost-shell electrons (electrons in valence- and conduction-bands) Oval annotation on Gatan DigitalMicrograph
Oval ROI on Gatan DigitalMicrograph  
Overetch 
  Via overetch detected by IR-OBIRCH    
  Defocus/overfocus/underfocus in Ronchigrams    
 Overlap
  Bond overlap population diagram (BOPD)    
  Energy peak overlapping in EDS spectrum   Signal overlapping in EELS
 
Oxidation states (oxidation number, degree of oxidation) in periodic table Analysis of valence states by white-lines in EELS
  X-ray intensity affected by overvoltage   Spatial resolution dependence on overvoltages
  EDS measurement of oxygen   EELS measurements of oxygen (O)
  STEM imaging of oxygen   Specimen oxidation during EM measurements
  X-O phase diagram   Oxygen vacancy migration induced by voltage
  O2- coordination and bond strength   Atomic-number contrast of oxygen ions
  Cleaning of hydrocarbon contamination by oxygen radicals in EMs   Stability of ferroelectrics related to oxygen vacancies
 
Copyright (C) 2006 GlobalSino, All Rights Reserved