Practical Electron Microscopy and Database

Examples of cathodoluminescence systems are:
         i) Gatan MonoCL4 cathodoluminescence spectrometer.
         ii) ChromaCL2 iBSED Detector.

Issues can occur in cathodoluminescence systems, for instance:
         i) Missing certain wavelengths of the cathodoluminescence spectrum because:
         i.a) Filters placed in front of the cathodoluminescence spectrometer can eliminate certain luminescence and phosphorescence.
         i.b) Incorrect sample height (focal point) because the spectrometer (e.g. Gatan MonoCL4 cathodoluminescence spectrometer) needs a different geometry for optimizing the collection of certain wavelengths.
         i.c) The gain of longer wavelengths is too weak to detect for photomultiplier-based detectors.
         ii) It breaks microscope vacuum sometimes when it is inserted into the column. Possible reasons are cracks in vacuum bellows, or worn-out O-ring.