Chapter/Index: Introduction | A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
Appendix
Electron Extinction Distances of Various Materials
Table 4148. Electron extinction distances (ξg) of various materials for two-beam condition.
Materials |
Reflection (hkl) |
ξg at 100 kV (nm) |
|
|
|
|
|
Ag |
111 |
22.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
25.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
36.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
45.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
43.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
61.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
79.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
54.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
63.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
72.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
90.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
442 |
98.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
79.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
531 |
96.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
98.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Al |
111 |
56.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
68.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
114.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
137.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
187.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
236.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
202.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
194.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
219 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
263.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
442 |
285.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
236.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
531 |
279.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
285.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Au |
111 |
18.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
20.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
27.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
30.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
29.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
40.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
51.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
43.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
47.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
58.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
442 |
63.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
51.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
531 |
62.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
63.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
C (Diamond) |
111 |
47.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
66.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
121.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cu |
111 |
28.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
32.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
47.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
53.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
50.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
74.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
98.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
76.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
77.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
89.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
112.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
442 |
123.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
98.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
531 |
120.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
123.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Fe |
110 |
28.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
41.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
211 |
50.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
65.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
310 |
71.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
321 |
92.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
332 |
132.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
116.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
411 |
113.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
123.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
141.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
431 |
150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
510 |
150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
521 |
166.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Ge |
111 |
43.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
45.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
75.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
102.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
127.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
65.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
100.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
127.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
MgO |
111 |
272.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
46.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
66.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
103.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Mo |
110 |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
Nb |
110 |
26.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
36.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
211 |
45.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
53.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
69.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
310 |
61.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
321 |
478.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
332 |
110.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
86.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
411 |
94.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
102.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
117.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
431 |
125.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
510 |
125.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
521 |
139 |
|
|
|
|
|
Ni |
111 |
23.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
27.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
40.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
52.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
49.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
74.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
98.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
65.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
77.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
89.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
112.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
442 |
122.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
98.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
531 |
119.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
122.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Pb |
111 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
26.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
35.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
43.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
41.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
55.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
68.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
50.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
57.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
63.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
77.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
442 |
83.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
68.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
531 |
82.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
83.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
Pt |
111 |
14.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
16.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
23.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 |
28.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
27.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
38.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
49.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
34.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
420 |
39.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
45.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
55.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
442 |
60.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
49.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
531 |
59.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
60.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Si |
111 |
60.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
75.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
311 |
134.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
331 |
204.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
333 |
264.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
126.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
209.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 |
264.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
W |
110 |
18.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
24.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
220 |
35.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
55.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|