Practical Electron Microscopy and Database

An Online Book, Second Edition by Dr. Yougui Liao (2006)

Practical Electron Microscopy and Database - An Online Book

Chapter/Index: Introduction | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Appendix

Mean Ionization Energy (Potential) of Complex Materials

Mean ionization energy (potential) of complex materials can be estimated. For instance, the mean ionization energy of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate, C5H8O2) is about 65.6 eV [1].

 

[1] R. Hawryluk, A. Hawryluk, H. Smith, J. Appl. Phys. 45 (1974) 2551.