Chapter/Index: Introduction | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Appendix
Under electron irradiation, almost all materials undergo the displacement of atoms above a specific energy threshold. Electrons with energies smaller than this critical displacement energy only make the sample atom vibrate in its site and dissipate energy as phonons.
|