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Regardless of your proficiency as a programmer, unforeseen events may occur beyond your control. This is why Python incorporates exception handling.

There are four primary types of exception handling in Python: 

• Try: Try a piece of code. 

• Except: Handle the error. 

• Else: If there is no exception in the code, this code will be executed. 

• Finally: This code will always be executed. 

Raising custom exceptions can be beneficial in specific situations because it can improve the clarity, readability, and maintainability of your code:
          i) Expressing domain-specific errors: Custom exceptions can be used to represent domain-specific errors, making it easier to understand the nature of the problem by providing more context. This can be particularly helpful when working on large projects or when collaborating with other developers.
          ii) Creating a consistent error handling strategy: By defining custom exceptions, you can establish a uniform error handling strategy throughout your application. This makes it easier to manage and maintain your code as it evolves.
          iii) Encapsulating additional error information: Custom exceptions can carry additional information about the error, such as specific details or suggestions for resolution. This extra information can be helpful when debugging or providing more descriptive error messages to the user.
          iv) Controlling exception handling behavior: Custom exceptions can be used to control the flow of your program in specific ways. For example, you can use custom exceptions to signal certain conditions that should be handled differently or cause the program to terminate gracefully.

Figure 2275. Python exceptions. [1]

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[1] https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-20290-3_24.