Keyboard and mouse can be controlled by GUI (graphical user interface) automation. The programs used to directly control keyboard and mouse can be ultimate tools for automating tasks on a computer. These programs can control the applications by sending them virtual keystrokes and mouse clicks, similar to the actions someone is doing at the computer and interacting with the applications. Such technique is known as GUI automation. With such automation, the programs can do anything that a human user sitting at the computer can do with the keyboard and mouse. This GUI automation is similar to a programmed robotic arm, typing at keyboard, and move the mouse and track its position on the screen for us. This technique is especially useful for tasks that involve a lot of mindless clicking and keyboard typing with a high accuracy and high speed.

The pyautogui module has the functions for simulating mouse clicks and movements, scrolling the mouse wheel, and typing keyboard.

Table 4679. Mouse clicks.

Table 4679. move and (or) drag mouse.

If the main stream libraries and tools are not working for automating mouse clicks and movements on the app, it suggests that the app has implemented strong security measures or restrictions that prevent standard Python libraries from interacting with it. In such cases, it becomes extremely challenging to automate mouse clicks and movements on the app using Python. You may need to explore alternative approaches or consider using specialized automation tools that are specifically designed to interact with difficult-to-control applications. In such cases, you can try the following solutions in sequence.

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Continuously clicks until Esc has been pressed: code:         
        
    Output:    
        

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pywinauto for automation. code:         
        

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pygetwindow and pyautogui for automation. code:         
        
     Output (Window below is brought to front):   
        

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pydirectinput for automation. code:         
        

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AAA: Mouse click and move with pynput. code:         
        

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autoit for automation: autoit for automation: The `win_get_handle()` function is used to locate the application window by its title specified in `app_window_title`. code:         
        
      Installation problem:  
        

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Quartz for automation. code:         
        
      pip install pyobjc-framework-Quartz, still has problem:  
        

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Combination of platform and pyautogui for automation: The `platform` module is used to determine the current platform. Based on the current platform, you can add platform-specific code using `pyautogui` to perform mouse actions. However, the availability and functionality of platform-specific features in `pyautogui` may vary depending on the platform and the app you're trying to automate. It's important to ensure that you have the necessary permissions and legal rights to automate the target app. code:         
        

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AAA: Some automation libraries involve using low-level operating system functions to simulate mouse events. One such library is `ctypes`, which allows you to access and call functions from shared libraries directly. Please note that this approach relies on low-level system functions and may have platform-specific dependencies. Additionally, it requires knowledge of the app's screen coordinates to accurately simulate mouse movements and clicks. code:         
        

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AAA: Move and click on an application. code:         
        

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uiautomation for automation: The `uiautomation` library relies on the Microsoft UI Automation framework, which means it may have dependencies on Windows and may not work on other operating systems. Additionally, using UI Automation can be more complex and requires a deeper understanding of the app's UI structure. code:         
        
     Easy Timeout(10s):   
        

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Sikuli for automation (needs an account for library installation). SikuliX, an open-source GUI automation tool that uses computer vision to identify and interact with elements on the screen. SikuliX allows you to write scripts using a combination of Python and a visual scripting language. However, SikuliX relies on image recognition and may have limitations in terms of accuracy and reliability. It's important to provide clear and distinct images for SikuliX to recognize and interact with. code:         
        
    Problem due to incorrect installation:    
        

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Sikuli again. code:         
        

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