Vibration of Atoms/Phonon - Practical Electron Microscopy and Database - - An Online Book - |
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Microanalysis | EM Book https://www.globalsino.com/EM/ | ||||||||
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Each atom in materials vibrates thermally with a frequency of 1012–1013 Hz at the room temperature. Phonon is used to quantify the atomic vibration. The time required for the incident electron to pass through a TEM specimen is ~0.7 x 10-16 s, which is much shorter than the oscillation period of the atoms.
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