Practical Electron Microscopy and Database

An Online Book, Second Edition by Dr. Yougui Liao (2006)

Practical Electron Microscopy and Database - An Online Book

Chapter/Index: Introduction | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Appendix

Heat Capacity and Specific Heat of Materials

Table 1830. Specific heat capacities of solids unless otherwise noted .

Substance Isobaric mass heat capacity
(CP, J·g−1·K−1)
Isobaric molar heat capacity
(CP,m, J·mol−1·K−1)
Isochore molar heat capacity
(CV,m, J·mol−1·K−1)
Isobaric volumetric heat capacity
(CP,v, J·cm−3·K−1)
Isochore atom-molar heat capacity in units of R*
(CV,am, atom-mol−1)
Air 1.0035 (gas at 0 °C) 29.07 (gas at 0 °C) 20.7643 (gas at 0 °C) 0.001297 (gas at 0 °C) ~ 1.25 R (gas at 0 °C)
Aluminium 0.897 (at 25 °C) 24.2 (at 25 °C)   2.422 (at 25 °C) 2.91 R (at 25 °C)
AlN     30.1 (at 25 °C)    
Al2O3     78.8 (at 25 °C)    
Ammonia 4.700 (liquid at °C) 80.08 (liquid at °C)   3.263 (liquid at °C) 3.21 R (liquid at °C)
Animal tissue 3.5 (at 25 °C)     3.7 (at 25 °C)  
Antimony 0.204~0.213 at 25°C to 100°C 25.2 (at 25 °C)   1.386 (at 25 °C) 3.03 R (at 25 °C)
Argon 0.5203 (gas at 25 °C) 20.7862 (gas at 25 °C) 12.4717 (gas at 25 °C)   1.50 R (gas at 25 °C)
Arsenic 0.328 (at 25 °C) 24.6 (at 25 °C)   1.878 (at 25 °C) 2.96 R (at 25 °C)
Asphalt 0.920 (at 25 °C)        
Beryllium 1.82 (at 25 °C) 16.4 (at 25 °C)   3.367 (at 25 °C) 1.97 R (at 25 °C)
Bismuth (Bi) 0.121~0.129 at 25°C to 100°C 25.7 (at 25 °C)   1.20 (at 25 °C) 3.09 R (at 25 °C)
BN     19.6 (at 25 °C)    
Brick 0.840 (at 25 °C)        
Cadmium 0.231 (at 25 °C) 26.02 (at 25 °C)     3.13 R (at 25 °C)
Carbon (C)     13.0 (at 25 °C)    
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.839 (gas at 25 °C) 36.94 (gas at 25 °C) 28.46 (gas at 25 °C)   1.14 R (gas at 25 °C)
CeO2     61.52 (at 25 °C)    
Cerium (Ce) 0.162 at 25°C to 100°C        
Cesium (Cs)     32.2 (at 25 °C)    
Chromium 0.449 (at 25 °C) 23.35 (at 25 °C)     2.81 R (at 25 °C)
Cr2O3     104.5 (gas at 25 °C)    
Concrete 0.880 (at 25 °C)        
Copper 0.385 (at 25 °C) 24.47 (at 25 °C)   3.45 (at 25 °C) 2.94 R (at 25 °C)
Diamond 0.5091 (at 25 °C) 6.115 (at 25 °C) 6.1 (at 25 °C) 1.782 (at 25 °C) 0.74 R (at 25 °C)
Dysprosium (Dy) 0.171 at 25°C to 100°C        
Erbium (Er) 0.168 at 25°C to 100°C        
Ethanol 2.44 (liquid at 25 °C) 112 (liquid at 25 °C)   1.925 (liquid at 25 °C) 1.50 R (liquid at 25 °C)
Europium (Eu) 0.182 at 25°C to 100°C        
Gasoline 2.22 (liquid at 25 °C) 228 (liquid at 25 °C)   1.64 (liquid at 25 °C) 1.05 R (liquid at 25 °C)
Germanium (Ge)     23.2 (at 25 °C)    
GeSbTe (GST)       0.7044 (at 25 °C)  
Glass 0.84 (at 25 °C); 0.840 (silica at 25 °C); 0.670 (crown at 25 °C); 0.503 (flint at 25 °C); 0.753 (pyrex at 25 °C)        
Gold (Au) 0.126~0.130 at 25°C to 100°C 25.42 (at 25 °C)   2.492 (at 25 °C) 3.05 R (at 25 °C)
Granite 0.790 (at 25 °C)     2.17 (at 25 °C)  
Graphite 0.710 (at 25 °C) 8.53 (at 25 °C)   1.534 (at 25 °C) 1.03 R (at 25 °C)
Gypsum 1.090 (at 25 °C)        
Hafnium (Hf) 0.144~0.148 at 25°C to 100°C        
Helium 5.1932 (gas at 25 °C) 20.7862 (gas at 25 °C) 12.4717 (gas at 25 °C)   1.50 R (gas at 25 °C)
HfO2     60.2 (at 25 °C)    
Holmium (Ho) 0.165 at 25°C to 100°C        
Hydrogen 14.30 (gas at 25 °C) 28.82 (gas at 25 °C)     1.23 R (gas at 25 °C)
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) 1.015 (gas at 25 °C) 34.60 (gas at 25 °C)     1.05 R (gas at 25 °C)
Iridium (Ir) 0.130~0.132 at 25°C to 100°C        
Iron 0.450 (at 25 °C) 25.09 (at 25 °C)   3.537 (at 25 °C) 3.02 R (at 25 °C)
La2O3     108.8 (at 25 °C)    
Lanthanum (La) 0.195 at 25°C to 100°C        
Lead (Pb) 0.112~0.133 at 25°C to 100°C 26.4 (at 25 °C) 26.7 (at 25 °C) 1.44 (at 25 °C) 3.18 R (at 25 °C)
Low alloyed lead 0.129~0.134 at 25°C to 100°C        
Lead antimony alloys 0.130~0.159 at 25°C to 100°C        
Lead tin alloys 0.213~0.239 at 25°C to 100°C        
Lithium 3.58 (at 25 °C); 4.379 (liquid 181 °C) 24.8 (at 25 °C); 30.33 (liquid 181 °C) 24.9 (at 25 °C) 1.912 (at 25 °C); 2.242 (liquid 181 °C) 2.98 R (at 25 °C); 3.65 R (liquid 181 °C)
Lutetium (Lu) 0.150 at 25°C to 100°C        
Magnesium 1.02 (at 25 °C) 24.9 (at 25 °C)   1.773 (at 25 °C) 2.99 R (at 25 °C)
Marble 0.880 (mica at 25 °C)        
Mercury (Hg) 0.104~0.140 (liquid at 25°C to 100°C) 27.98 (liquid at 25 °C)   1.888 (liquid at 25 °C) 3.36 R (liquid at 25 °C)
Methane 2.191 (liquid at 2 °C) 35.69 (liquid at 2 °C)      
Methanol 2.14 (liquid at 25 °C) 68.62 (liquid at 25 °C)     1.38 R (liquid at 25 °C)
MgO     37.2 (at 25 °C)    
Mischmetal 0.193~0.195 at 25°C to 100°C        
Molten salt 1.56 (liquid at 142-540 °C)     2.62 (liquid at 142-540 °C)  
Nb2O5     132.1 (at 25 °C)    
Neodymium (Nd) 0.190 at 25°C to 100°C        
Nitrogen 1.040 (gas at 25 °C) 29.12 (gas at 25 °C) 20.8 (gas at 25 °C)   1.25 R (gas at 25 °C)
Neon 1.0301 (gas at 25 °C) 20.7862 (gas at 25 °C) 12.4717 (gas at 25 °C)   1.50 R (gas at 25 °C)
Osmium (Os) 0.130~0.131 at 25°C to 100°C        
Oxygen 0.918 (gas at 25 °C) 29.38 (gas at 25 °C) 21.0 (gas at 25 °C)   1.26 R (gas at 25 °C)
Paraffin wax (C25H52) 2.5 (at 25 °C) 900 (at 25 °C)   2.325 (at 25 °C) 1.41 R (at 25 °C)
Platinum (Pt) 0.136 at 25°C to 100°C        
Plutonium (Pu) 0.131~0.159 at 25°C to 100°C        
Polyethylene
(rotomolding grade)
2.3027 (at 25 °C)        
Potassium (K)     29.6 (at 25 °C)    
Praseodymium (Pr) 0.195 at 25°C to 100°C        
Promethium (Pm) 0.188 at 25°C to 100°C        
Rhenium (Re) 0.137~0.140 at 25°C to 100°C        
Rubidium (Rb)     31.1 (at 25 °C)    
Samarium (Sm) 0.196 at 25°C to 100°C        
Sand 0.835 (at 25 °C)        
Silica (fused) 0.703 (at 25 °C) 42.2 (at 25 °C)   1.547 (at 25 °C) 1.69 R (at 25 °C)
Silver 0.233 (at 25 °C) 24.9 (at 25 °C)   2.44 (at 25 °C) 2.99 R (at 25 °C)
Silicon (Si)     19.8 (at 25 °C)    
Si3N4     99.1 (at 25 °C)    
SiO2     44.6 (at 25 °C)    
Sodium 1.230 (at 25 °C) 28.23 (at 25 °C) 28.2 (at 25 °C)   3.39 R (at 25 °C)
Soil 0.800 (at 25 °C)        
Steel 0.466 (at 25 °C)        
Sulphur Hexafluoride 0.664 (gas at 25 °C)        
Ta2O5     134.8 (at 25 °C)    
Tantalum (Ta) 0.147 at 25°C to 100°C        
Tantalum alloys 0.092~0.142 at 25°C to 100°C        
Tellurium (Te) 0.201 at 25°C to 100°C        
Terbium (Tb) 0.182 at 25°C to 100°C        
Thallium (Tl) 0.130~0.150 at 25°C to 100°C        
Thorium (Th) 0.113~0.117 at 25°C to 100°C        
Thulium (Tm) 0.160 at 25°C to 100°C        
Tin (Sn) 0.205~0.247 at 25°C to 100°C 27.112 (at 25 °C) 27.1 (at 25 °C)   3.26 R (at 25 °C)
Tin lead alloys 0.150~0.239 at 25°C to 100°C        
Tin silver alloys 0.219 at 25°C to 100°C        
Titanium 0.523 (at 25 °C) 26.060 (at 25 °C)     3.13 R (at 25 °C)
TiO2     55.1 (at 25 °C)    
Tungsten (W) 0.134~0.142 at 25°C to 100°C 24.8 (at 25 °C)   2.58 (at 25 °C) 2.98 R (at 25 °C)
Tungsten alloys 0.134~0.151 at 25°C to 100°C        
Uranium 0.116~0.117 at 25°C to 100°C 27.7 (at 25 °C)   2.216 (at 25 °C) 3.33 R (at 25 °C)
Uranium alloys 0.111~0.167 at 25°C to 100°C        
V2O5     127.3 (at 25 °C)    
Water 2.080 (gas at 100 °C); 4.1813 (liquid at 25 °C); 4.1813 (liquid at 100 °C); 2.11 (ice at −10 °C) 37.47 (gas at 100 °C); 75.327 (liquid at 25 °C); 75.327 (liquid at 100 °C); 38.09 (ice at −10 °C) 28.03 (gas at 100 °C); 74.53 (liquid at 25 °C); 74.53 (liquid at 100 °C) 4.1796 (liquid at 25 °C); 4.2160 (liquid at 100 °C); 1.938 (ice at −10 °C) 1.12 R (gas at 100 °C); 3.02 R (liquid at 25 °C); 3.02 R (liquid at 100 °C); 1.53 R (ice at −10 °C)
Wood 1.2 to 2.3 (at 25 °C)        
Y2O3     102.9 (at 25 °C)    
Ytterbium (Yb) 0.154 at 25°C to 100°C        
Zinc 0.387 (at 25 °C) 25.2 (at 25 °C)   2.76 (at 25 °C) 3.03 R (at 25 °C)
ZrO2     56.0 (at 25 °C)    
* R = NAk. Here, NA is Avogadro's constant (=6.02214129 × 1023 mol-1).