This book (Practical Electron Microscopy and Database) is a reference for TEM and SEM students, operators, engineers, technicians, managers, and researchers.
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In TEM a stigmator is used to compensate for the fixed threefold astigmatism of the objective lens [1].
Note that a single aberration violating the π/4 criterion may also cancel out the other one with the same symmetry if the have different sign, such as a small positive third-order spherical aberration and a small underfocus, or a small positive twofold astigmatism and a small negative third-order star aberration with the same azimuth.
[1] Wang, Y.C., Fitzgerald, A., Nelson, E.C., Song, C., O’Keefe,
M.A.& Kisielowski, C. (1999). Effect of correction of the 3-fold
astigmatism on HREM lattice imaging with information below
100 pm. In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Microscopy Society of
America Meeting, pp. 822–823. New York: Springer-Verlag.
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