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The displacement energy (Ed) for atoms in conducting bulk due to electron irradiation is from 10 to 50 eV. Table 4411 shows Ed of some materials.
Table 4411. Displacement energy (Ed) of some materials.
Material |
Ed (eV) |
Al: Aluminum |
17 [1] |
Au: Gold |
34 [1] |
C: Graphite |
30 [1] |
C: Diamond |
80 [1] |
Cu: Copper |
20 [1] |
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[1] Hobbs, L. W., 1987. Radiation effects in analysis by TEM. In: Hren, J. J.,
Goldstein, J. I., Joy, D. C. (Eds.), Introduction to Analytical Electron
Microscopy, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 399–445.
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