4d Elements in Periodic Table - Structure of the periodic table -- Practical Electron Microscopy and Database

4d Elements in Periodic Table
- Practical Electron Microscopy and Database -
- An Online Book -

https://www.globalsino.com/EM/

This book (Practical Electron Microscopy and Database) is a reference for TEM and SEM students, operators, engineers, technicians, managers, and researchers.

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EELS data on the occupancies of 3d and 4d states can clarify many fundamental problems related to the electronic properties of transition metal alloys. Table 4696a shows the 4d elements in periodic table.

Table 4696a. 4d elements in periodic table

1S 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 2p 3p 4p 5p 6p 3d 3d 4d 5d 6d 4f 5f Elements Structure of the periodic table

Table 4696b. Electron configurations, filling orbitals, and valence electrons of 4d elements

Atomic Number	Symbol	Name	Electron Configuration	Filling Orbital	Valence Electrons
39	Y	Yttrium	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹ 5s²	4d¹	4d¹5s²
40	Zr	Zirconium	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d² 5s²	4d²	4d²5s²
41	Nb	Niobium	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d⁴ 5s¹	4d⁴	4d⁴5s¹
42	Mo	Molybdenum	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d⁵ 5s¹	4d⁵	4d⁵5s¹
43	Tc	Technetium	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d⁵ 5s²	4d⁶	4d⁶5s¹
44	Ru	Ruthenium	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d⁷ 5s¹	4d⁷	4d⁷5s¹
45	Rh	Rhodium	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d⁸ 5s¹	4d⁸	4d⁸5s¹
46	Pd	Palladium	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰	4d¹⁰	4d¹⁰
47	Ag	Silver	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰ 5s¹	4d¹⁰	4d¹⁰5s¹
48	Cd	Cadmium	1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰ 5s²	4d¹⁰	5s²

Figure 4696 shows the relation between electron binding energies and atomic number (Z).

Figure 4696. Relation between electron binding energies and atomic number (Z) (at low binding energies).

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