Table of Characteristics of Some Specific Ferroelectric Materials
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The properties of ferroelectric materials are extremely sensitive to the nature of the surface, defect structure (e.g. grain size, grain boundaries and dislocations), sample preparation (e.g. deposition chemistry, temperature and pressure) [4, 5], sample geometry (e.g. thickness of the ferroelectric films) [6], the residual misfit strain, domain evolution mechanism based on train energy accumulation, thermal expansion mismatch between the ferroelectric film and the electrode, selection of bottom electrode material and its orientation [7]. Table 1805 lists the main characteristics of some bulk ferroelectric materials. |
Table 1805. Characteristics of bulk ferroelectric materials.
Material | Condition | Space group | Structure type | Lattice parameter (Å) & unit cell volume (Å3) | Ferroelectric polarization ( μC/cm2) | Coer-cive field (EC, kV/cm) | Melting point (°C) | Curie temperature (°C) | Crystallization temperature (°C) | Remanent polarization | Fatigue | Imprint | Remarks | Reference |
BaCoF4 | 8 | |||||||||||||
BaTiO3 | 5 ~ 120 °C | P4mm (99) | Tetragonal perovskite ABO3 | a = b = 3.99, c=4.04 | 20 - 26 | 120 | ||||||||
BaTiO3 | -90 ~ 5 °C | Amm2 (38) | Orthorhombic | 5 | ||||||||||
BaTiO3 | < - 90 °C | R3m (160) | Rhombohedral | -90 | ||||||||||
BiScO3 - PbTiO3 | Pb is toxic & volatile | |||||||||||||
BiScO3 - (K0.475Na0.475Li0.05) (Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 | ||||||||||||||
xBiScO3 - (1-х)BaTiO3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) | ||||||||||||||
(Bi,La)4Ti3O12 (BLT) | 15 | 80 | 700 | Most important material for FeRAMs | ||||||||||
C(NH2)3Al(SO4)2•6H2O | P31m (157) | 3.5 | ||||||||||||
CaBi2Ta2O9 (CBT) | Good fatigue up to 1011 cycles at 5V | [2] | ||||||||||||
(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 - BiScO3 - PbTiO3 | Pb is toxic & volatile | |||||||||||||
KH2PO4 | Fdd2 (43) | Orthorhombic | 5 | -150 | ||||||||||
LiNbO3 | a = 5.15, c = 13.864 | 71 | 1255 | 1140 | ||||||||||
LiTaO3 | a = 5.154, c = 13.781 | 50-60 | 1650 | 605~665 | ||||||||||
Mg3B7O13Cl | 0.05 | 265 | ||||||||||||
NaKC4H4O6•4H2O | P21 (4) | Monoclinic | 0.25 | -18 | ||||||||||
NaKC4H4O6•4H2O | 24 | |||||||||||||
Nb-doped SBT (SrBi2(Ta,Nb)2O9) |
[2] | |||||||||||||
(NH2CH2COOH)3•H2SO4 |
2.8 | 49 | ||||||||||||
(1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) | Applications: transform technologies of medical imaging, actuation, and sensors | [8] | ||||||||||||
PbTiO3 | ~ 490 °C | P4mm (99) | Tetragonal perovskite ABO3 | a = b = 3.904, c=4.152 | 75 | 60 | 490 | Most important material for FeRAMs; A shift of oxygen & titanium ions in the same direction along the c axis | ||||||
PbZrO3 | Tetragonal perovskite ABO3 | 25 | 60 | 600 | Most important material for FeRAMs | |||||||||
PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT) | Low | Large | Large fatigue with Pt electrodes; small with oxide electrodes (IrO2, RuO2, SrRuO3, (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3) | Large imprint with Pt electrodes; small with oxide electrodes (IrO2, RuO2, & SrRuO3) | [1, 2] | |||||||||
SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) | Orthorhombic | a = 5.52237 Å, b = 5.52408 Å, & c = 25.02641 Å |
10 | 40 | High, 750 | Fatigue-free up to 1013 switching cycles |
Most important material for FeRAMs, but Can crystallize to an undesirable phase (e.g. fluoride phase) during crystallization process | [3] | ||||||
Tb2(MoO4)3 | 0.2 | 163 |
[1] C.A. Paz de Araujo, J.D. Cuchiaro, L.D. McMillan, M. C. Scott, J. F. Scott: Nature 374, 627 (1995). [2] Ferroelectric Random Access Memories: Fundamentals and Applications, edited by Hiroshi Ishiwara, Masanori Okuyama, Yoshihiro Arimoto, 2004. [3] Y. Shimakawa, Y. Kubo, Y. Nakagawa, T. Kamiyama, H. Asano, F. Izumi: Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1904 (1999). [4] 15 J-H Chen, B-H Hwang, T-C Hsu, H-Y Lu, Materials Chemistry and Physics 91, 67 (2005). [5] W. Chang, A. H. King, K. J. Bowman, Journal of Materials Research, 22, 2845 (2007). [6] M. E. Lines, A. M. Glass, “Principles and applications of ferroelectrics and related materials”, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1977). [7] K. S. Lee, J. H. Choi, J. Y. Lee, and S. Baik, J. Appl. Phys. 90, 4095 (2001). [8] Kyou-Hyun Kim, Local Symmetry and Polarization in Relaxor-Based Ferroelectric Crystals, thesis, 2013. |
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