Electron microscopy
 
Time of Occurrence of Various Physical and Chemical Phenomena
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Table 1156. Time of occurrence of various physical and chemical phenomena.

Phenomena Time Reference
Average "life-time" of generated secondary and Auger electrons 10-4 ~ 100 sec [1]
Ionization time ~10-15 sec  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[1] D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1981), p. 324.

 

 

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