Practical Electron Microscopy and Database

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Heat Capacity and Specific Heat of Materials

Table 1830. Specific heat capacities of solids unless otherwise noted . Substance Isobaric mass heat capacity (CP, J·g−1·K−1) Isobaric molar heat capacity (CP,m, J·mol−1·K−1) Isochore molar heat capacity (CV,m, J·mol−1·K−1) Isobaric volumetric heat capacity (CP,v, J·cm−3·K−1) Isochore atom-molar heat capacity in units of R* (CV,am, atom-mol−1) Air 1.0035 (gas at 0 °C) 29.07 (gas at 0 °C) 20.7643 (gas at 0 °C) 0.001297 (gas at 0 °C) ~ 1.25 R (gas at 0 °C) Aluminium 0.897 (at 25 °C) 24.2 (at 25 °C)   2.422 (at 25 °C) 2.91 R (at 25 °C) AlN     30.1 (at 25 °C)     Al2O3     78.8 (at 25 °C)     Ammonia 4.700 (liquid at °C) 80.08 (liquid at °C)   3.263 (liquid at °C) 3.21 R (liquid at °C) Animal tissue 3.5 (at 25 °C)     3.7 (at 25 °C)   Antimony 0.204~0.213 at 25°C to 100°C 25.2 (at 25 °C)   1.386 (at 25 °C) 3.03 R (at 25 °C) Argon 0.5203 (gas at 25 °C) 20.7862 (gas at 25 °C) 12.4717 (gas at 25 °C)   1.50 R (gas at 25 °C) Arsenic 0.328 (at 25 °C) 24.6 (at 25 °C)   1.878 (at 25 °C) 2.96 R (at 25 °C) Asphalt 0.920 (at 25 °C)         Beryllium 1.82 (at 25 °C) 16.4 (at 25 °C)   3.367 (at 25 °C) 1.97 R (at 25 °C) Bismuth (Bi) 0.121~0.129 at 25°C to 100°C 25.7 (at 25 °C)   1.20 (at 25 °C) 3.09 R (at 25 °C) BN     19.6 (at 25 °C)     Brick 0.840 (at 25 °C)         Cadmium 0.231 (at 25 °C) 26.02 (at 25 °C)     3.13 R (at 25 °C) Carbon (C)     13.0 (at 25 °C)     Carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.839 (gas at 25 °C) 36.94 (gas at 25 °C) 28.46 (gas at 25 °C)   1.14 R (gas at 25 °C) CeO2     61.52 (at 25 °C)     Cerium (Ce) 0.162 at 25°C to 100°C         Cesium (Cs)     32.2 (at 25 °C)     Chromium 0.449 (at 25 °C) 23.35 (at 25 °C)     2.81 R (at 25 °C) Cr2O3     104.5 (gas at 25 °C)     Concrete 0.880 (at 25 °C)         Copper 0.385 (at 25 °C) 24.47 (at 25 °C)   3.45 (at 25 °C) 2.94 R (at 25 °C) Diamond 0.5091 (at 25 °C) 6.115 (at 25 °C) 6.1 (at 25 °C) 1.782 (at 25 °C) 0.74 R (at 25 °C) Dysprosium (Dy) 0.171 at 25°C to 100°C         Erbium (Er) 0.168 at 25°C to 100°C         Ethanol 2.44 (liquid at 25 °C) 112 (liquid at 25 °C)   1.925 (liquid at 25 °C) 1.50 R (liquid at 25 °C) Europium (Eu) 0.182 at 25°C to 100°C         Gasoline 2.22 (liquid at 25 °C) 228 (liquid at 25 °C)   1.64 (liquid at 25 °C) 1.05 R (liquid at 25 °C) Germanium (Ge)     23.2 (at 25 °C)     GeSbTe (GST)       0.7044 (at 25 °C)   Glass 0.84 (at 25 °C); 0.840 (silica at 25 °C); 0.670 (crown at 25 °C); 0.503 (flint at 25 °C); 0.753 (pyrex at 25 °C)         Gold (Au) 0.126~0.130 at 25°C to 100°C 25.42 (at 25 °C)   2.492 (at 25 °C) 3.05 R (at 25 °C) Granite 0.790 (at 25 °C)     2.17 (at 25 °C)   Graphite 0.710 (at 25 °C) 8.53 (at 25 °C)   1.534 (at 25 °C) 1.03 R (at 25 °C) Gypsum 1.090 (at 25 °C)         Hafnium (Hf) 0.144~0.148 at 25°C to 100°C         Helium 5.1932 (gas at 25 °C) 20.7862 (gas at 25 °C) 12.4717 (gas at 25 °C)   1.50 R (gas at 25 °C) HfO2     60.2 (at 25 °C)     Holmium (Ho) 0.165 at 25°C to 100°C         Hydrogen 14.30 (gas at 25 °C) 28.82 (gas at 25 °C)     1.23 R (gas at 25 °C) Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) 1.015 (gas at 25 °C) 34.60 (gas at 25 °C)     1.05 R (gas at 25 °C) Iridium (Ir) 0.130~0.132 at 25°C to 100°C         Iron 0.450 (at 25 °C) 25.09 (at 25 °C)   3.537 (at 25 °C) 3.02 R (at 25 °C) La2O3     108.8 (at 25 °C)     Lanthanum (La) 0.195 at 25°C to 100°C         Lead (Pb) 0.112~0.133 at 25°C to 100°C 26.4 (at 25 °C) 26.7 (at 25 °C) 1.44 (at 25 °C) 3.18 R (at 25 °C) Low alloyed lead 0.129~0.134 at 25°C to 100°C         Lead antimony alloys 0.130~0.159 at 25°C to 100°C         Lead tin alloys 0.213~0.239 at 25°C to 100°C         Lithium 3.58 (at 25 °C); 4.379 (liquid 181 °C) 24.8 (at 25 °C); 30.33 (liquid 181 °C) 24.9 (at 25 °C) 1.912 (at 25 °C); 2.242 (liquid 181 °C) 2.98 R (at 25 °C); 3.65 R (liquid 181 °C) Lutetium (Lu) 0.150 at 25°C to 100°C         Magnesium 1.02 (at 25 °C) 24.9 (at 25 °C)   1.773 (at 25 °C) 2.99 R (at 25 °C) Marble 0.880 (mica at 25 °C)         Mercury (Hg) 0.104~0.140 (liquid at 25°C to 100°C) 27.98 (liquid at 25 °C)   1.888 (liquid at 25 °C) 3.36 R (liquid at 25 °C) Methane 2.191 (liquid at 2 °C) 35.69 (liquid at 2 °C)       Methanol 2.14 (liquid at 25 °C) 68.62 (liquid at 25 °C)     1.38 R (liquid at 25 °C) MgO     37.2 (at 25 °C)     Mischmetal 0.193~0.195 at 25°C to 100°C         Molten salt 1.56 (liquid at 142-540 °C)     2.62 (liquid at 142-540 °C)   Nb2O5     132.1 (at 25 °C)     Neodymium (Nd) 0.190 at 25°C to 100°C         Nitrogen 1.040 (gas at 25 °C) 29.12 (gas at 25 °C) 20.8 (gas at 25 °C)   1.25 R (gas at 25 °C) Neon 1.0301 (gas at 25 °C) 20.7862 (gas at 25 °C) 12.4717 (gas at 25 °C)   1.50 R (gas at 25 °C) Osmium (Os) 0.130~0.131 at 25°C to 100°C         Oxygen 0.918 (gas at 25 °C) 29.38 (gas at 25 °C) 21.0 (gas at 25 °C)   1.26 R (gas at 25 °C) Paraffin wax (C25H52) 2.5 (at 25 °C) 900 (at 25 °C)   2.325 (at 25 °C) 1.41 R (at 25 °C) Platinum (Pt) 0.136 at 25°C to 100°C         Plutonium (Pu) 0.131~0.159 at 25°C to 100°C         Polyethylene (rotomolding grade) 2.3027 (at 25 °C)         Potassium (K)     29.6 (at 25 °C)     Praseodymium (Pr) 0.195 at 25°C to 100°C         Promethium (Pm) 0.188 at 25°C to 100°C         Rhenium (Re) 0.137~0.140 at 25°C to 100°C         Rubidium (Rb)     31.1 (at 25 °C)     Samarium (Sm) 0.196 at 25°C to 100°C         Sand 0.835 (at 25 °C)         Silica (fused) 0.703 (at 25 °C) 42.2 (at 25 °C)   1.547 (at 25 °C) 1.69 R (at 25 °C) Silver 0.233 (at 25 °C) 24.9 (at 25 °C)   2.44 (at 25 °C) 2.99 R (at 25 °C) Silicon (Si)     19.8 (at 25 °C)     Si3N4     99.1 (at 25 °C)     SiO2     44.6 (at 25 °C)     Sodium 1.230 (at 25 °C) 28.23 (at 25 °C) 28.2 (at 25 °C)   3.39 R (at 25 °C) Soil 0.800 (at 25 °C)         Steel 0.466 (at 25 °C)         Sulphur Hexafluoride 0.664 (gas at 25 °C)         Ta2O5     134.8 (at 25 °C)     Tantalum (Ta) 0.147 at 25°C to 100°C         Tantalum alloys 0.092~0.142 at 25°C to 100°C         Tellurium (Te) 0.201 at 25°C to 100°C         Terbium (Tb) 0.182 at 25°C to 100°C         Thallium (Tl) 0.130~0.150 at 25°C to 100°C         Thorium (Th) 0.113~0.117 at 25°C to 100°C         Thulium (Tm) 0.160 at 25°C to 100°C         Tin (Sn) 0.205~0.247 at 25°C to 100°C 27.112 (at 25 °C) 27.1 (at 25 °C)   3.26 R (at 25 °C) Tin lead alloys 0.150~0.239 at 25°C to 100°C         Tin silver alloys 0.219 at 25°C to 100°C         Titanium 0.523 (at 25 °C) 26.060 (at 25 °C)     3.13 R (at 25 °C) TiO2     55.1 (at 25 °C)     Tungsten (W) 0.134~0.142 at 25°C to 100°C 24.8 (at 25 °C)   2.58 (at 25 °C) 2.98 R (at 25 °C) Tungsten alloys 0.134~0.151 at 25°C to 100°C         Uranium 0.116~0.117 at 25°C to 100°C 27.7 (at 25 °C)   2.216 (at 25 °C) 3.33 R (at 25 °C) Uranium alloys 0.111~0.167 at 25°C to 100°C         V2O5     127.3 (at 25 °C)     Water 2.080 (gas at 100 °C); 4.1813 (liquid at 25 °C); 4.1813 (liquid at 100 °C); 2.11 (ice at −10 °C) 37.47 (gas at 100 °C); 75.327 (liquid at 25 °C); 75.327 (liquid at 100 °C); 38.09 (ice at −10 °C) 28.03 (gas at 100 °C); 74.53 (liquid at 25 °C); 74.53 (liquid at 100 °C) 4.1796 (liquid at 25 °C); 4.2160 (liquid at 100 °C); 1.938 (ice at −10 °C) 1.12 R (gas at 100 °C); 3.02 R (liquid at 25 °C); 3.02 R (liquid at 100 °C); 1.53 R (ice at −10 °C) Wood 1.2 to 2.3 (at 25 °C)         Y2O3     102.9 (at 25 °C)     Ytterbium (Yb) 0.154 at 25°C to 100°C         Zinc 0.387 (at 25 °C) 25.2 (at 25 °C)   2.76 (at 25 °C) 3.03 R (at 25 °C) ZrO2     56.0 (at 25 °C)     * R = NAk. Here, NA is Avogadro's constant (=6.02214129 × 1023 mol-1).