This book (Practical Electron Microscopy and Database) is a reference for TEM and SEM students, operators, engineers, technicians, managers, and researchers.

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Electron affinity is the energy associated with adding an electron to an atom.

In a semiconductor, or an insulator, the energy difference measured from the minimum of the conduction band to the vacuum level is known as the electron affinity χ.

Electron affinity, χ, for insulators is generally less than 3 eV.