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Polar Point Groups for Ferroelectricity
- Practical Electron Microscopy and Database -
- An Online Book -
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https://www.globalsino.com/EM/
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This book (Practical Electron Microscopy and Database) is a reference for TEM and SEM students, operators, engineers, technicians, managers, and researchers.
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Table 2378 list the ten polar point groups that can possess ferroelectricity.
Table 2378. The ten polar point groups that can possess ferroelectricity.
Polar point groups
(Schönflies) |
Crystal system |
Possible ferroelectric polarizations (Crystal coordinates
) |
Possible domain walls |
1 (C1)
|
Triclinic |
P1, P2, P3 |
48 types |
2(C2) |
Monoclinic |
0, P2, 0 |
24 types |
4mm(C4v)
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Trigonal
|
0, 0, 0, P3 |
1 type: 180° ⊥ to (001) |
3(C3) |
0, 0, P3 |
4(C4) |
Tetragonal |
0, 0, P3 |
2 types: 90° [110], 180° [001] |
3m(C3v)
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Hexagonal |
0, 0, P3 |
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6(C6) |
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m (CS)
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P1, 0, P3 |
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mm2 (C2v)
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Orthorhombic |
0, 0, P3 |
4 types: 60°, 120°:[100], 90°, 180°:[110] |
6mm(C6v) |
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0, 0, P3 |
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