Index of Refraction
- Practical Electron Microscopy and Database -
- An Online Book -

https://www.globalsino.com/EM/  



 
This book (Practical Electron Microscopy and Database) is a reference for TEM and SEM students, operators, engineers, technicians, managers, and researchers.
 

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X-ray optics is a branch of optics. X-ray optics manipulates X-rays instead of visible lights in normal light optics and electron beams in electron microscopes (EMs). The lenses for visible light are made of transparent materials that can have a refractive index (or called index of refraction) significantly larger than 1 and the lenses for EMs are composed of magnetic lens , for X-rays the index of refraction is slightly smaller than unity.

Table 2535. Refractive indices of some gases liquids and solids.

Material

n
λ(nm)

Air

1.00029 546
CO2
1.00045 546
Water
1.33 546
Ethanol
1.36 546

Benzene

1.51 546
CS2
1.63 546
Quartz
1.46 546

Plexiglass

1.49 546
Diamond
2.42 546
Nd:YLF
1.45 1060

Ruby

1.76 694.3
Ti:Al2O3
1.76 735

Nd:YAG

1.82 1064
Nd:YALO
1.90 1078

 

 

 

 

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