L-family of Characteristic X-Ray Emission
- Practical Electron Microscopy and Database -
- An Online Book -

https://www.globalsino.com/EM/  



 
This book (Practical Electron Microscopy and Database) is a reference for TEM and SEM students, operators, engineers, technicians, managers, and researchers.
 

=================================================================================

The L family of characteristic X-rays observed by EDS involves Lα(1), Lβ1(0.7), Lβ2(0.2), Lβ3(0.08), Lβ4(0.05), Lγ1(0.08), Lγ3(0.03), Lλ(0.04), and Lη(0.01). Different from the K-family, the numbers in the parentheses present approximate relative intensities, since these intensities vary with the over-voltage and with the element in question .

If neither a proper database nor standards are available, the kAB factors can be theoretically calculated,
           Cliff-Lorime sensitivity factors ----------------------------- [2519]
where,
          QA and QB -- The ionization cross-sections for the X-rays of elements A and B, respectively,
          wA and wB -- The fluorescence yields for elements A and B, respectively,
          aA and aB -- The relative transition probabilities for elements A and B, respectively,
          AA and AB -- The atomic weights for elements A and B, respectively,
          εA and εB -- The detection efficiencies of the EDS detector for the X-rays from elements A and B, respectively.

In Equation 2519, it is most difficult to accurately calculate Q and ε. The extraction of the kAB values for K lines above 1.5 eV in energy is in error of ~10 to 15% mainly due to the inaccurate estimation of Q. For the same reason, it is not recommended to calculate the kAB values for light elements Z < 11 or for L lines.


 

 

=================================================================================

The book author (Yougui Liao) welcomes your comments, suggestions, and corrections, please click here for submission. If you let book author know once you have cited this book, the brief information of your publication will appear on the “Times Cited” page.